Importance and reliability of nondestructive testing techniques

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1. Non-destructive testing Technology:

Nondestructive testing technology plays an important role in quality assurance system, which shows its importance and necessity. It has become an important means to control product quality and ensure the safe operation of in-service equipment.

Its important role depends on the correct selection of nondestructive testing methods and the reliability of testing results, which is important from the point of view of product quality, from a purely economic point of view, in order to reduce the total cost, reliability is also necessary.

In recent years, due to the mutual competition in the product market, high quality is an important factor to improve the competitiveness, so many departments and enterprises gradually pay attention to strengthen the quality inspection system. It is very important and necessary for quality inspection personnel to study and understand the various factors that affect the reliability of nondestructive testing results.

Second, the reliability of the test results can be affected from two aspects of analysis.

The first is the influence of human factors, which can be divided into three aspects:

1. Technical level, operational skills and knowledge level of inspection personnel;
2. Test personnel's responsibility for work;
3. Test the psychological and physiological conditions of personnel during operation.
The above three aspects are interrelated, but in the three aspects, the technical level and operational skills of the detection personnel are the main, and it is impossible for the personnel without technical skills to obtain high reliability detection results.

Therefore, it is an important measure to improve the reliability of nondestructive testing results to carry out grade training for nondestructive testing personnel so that they can reach the technical level specified by the grade. Grade training is the work to standardize the knowledge level and operation skills of nondestructive testing personnel, so that operators of different levels can reach the same level after training. In this way, it is possible to obtain roughly the same detection results when detecting the same workpiece, to achieve better comparability, reliability and credibility.

It is self-evident that the sense of responsibility of testing personnel is very important. Non-destructive testing personnel with the same technical level may obtain different test results due to the difference in the sense of responsibility. The error caused by the weak sense of responsibility may produce unimaginable serious consequences. It is an important part of improving the reliability of NDT results to educate NDT personnel to establish a responsible working attitude.

The physical and physiological conditions of the detection personnel during the operation will also have an impact on the reliability of the detection results. Due to physical exhaustion or too long working time and excessive fatigue, it will affect the concentration of the operator's mind, and bring adverse effects on the detection results resulting in errors.

In order to reduce the adverse influence of human factors in the process of nondestructive testing as much as possible, in addition to paying attention to personnel training, professional ethics education and proper use of personnel, the development of nondestructive testing automation technology is an important way to improve the reliability of test results and reduce the degree of human participation in the whole process of testing.

1. The influence of testing equipment and equipment performance;
2. Test the influence of working environment conditions;
3. Influence of limitations of different nondestructive testing methods.
The performance of the test instrument will also affect whether the test results are correct. Modern ultrasonic performance, both in terms of function and applicability have been greatly improved, modern ultrasonic flaw detector with microcomputer detection results, in reliability and importance is far from the early ultrasonic flaw detector can be compared, no matter which kind of nondestructive testing method, equipment, equipment performance will affect the reliability of detection in different degrees.

For example: the use of the same type of probe if there are differences in performance, the measured results will be different. Therefore, improving the performance of nondestructive testing instruments and equipment is an important aspect to improve the reliability of testing.

The influence of working environment on test results is often easily ignored. In laboratory conditions, because the surrounding environment can be more strictly controlled, the room temperature is more suitable, the environment is more quiet, and the operation time is not strictly limited, the test results will be more reliable than the field conditions.

For example, penetrant detection can fully clean the tested object under laboratory conditions, remove the oil pollution of the tested object, and obtain satisfactory detection conditions, thus achieving higher detection sensitivity, which is difficult to achieve under field conditions. For another example, the noise of the scene, inappropriate temperature, etc., will affect the psychological and physiological conditions of the detection personnel, and affect the detection results. Therefore, improving environmental conditions is also an important step to improve the reliability of testing.

3. In addition to the above, another important factor affecting the reliability of testing is the limitation of nondestructive testing methods.

Different nondestructive testing methods are based on different physical principles, which determines that each nondestructive testing method has its own characteristics and limitations. Therefore, we should pay attention to the characteristics of a method and avoid its limitations in the detection.

For example, for the weld detection of pressure vessels, the use of X-ray and ultrasonic detection methods can obtain higher reliability than the single use of one of the two methods. Some defects can only be detected by ultrasound, while others, such as small pores or small slag inclusions, are easily detected by radiography, so the results obtained by using only one method are not comprehensive.

Because different methods have their own limitations, only by using a variety of detection methods to obtain higher reliability.

When it comes to the reliability of nondestructive testing, the reliability of the results of nondestructive testing should not be confused with the reliability of equipment or products, which are two different but related issues.

The reliability of equipment and products is not only related to the reliability of non-destructive testing results, but also closely related to design, material selection, processing, technology and working conditions.

The reliability of nondestructive testing does not refer to the requirement to detect all defects on the tested object, because absolutely flawless materials do not exist, and any nondestructive testing method has its ultimate detection sensitivity, so it can only require nondestructive testing personnel to detect a certain equivalent size of defects that are not allowed to exist inside or on the surface of the workpiece according to the standard.

Nondestructive testing technology has been integrated into the overall national economic development goals, and is being used to solve the security of the country's urgent large-scale engineering projects and major projects involving safety and people's livelihood.

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